Task 1 : Reading Comprehension part 1
Questions
1-5
A distinctively American architecture began with Frank Lloyd
Wright, who had taken to heart the admonition that form should follow
function and who thought of buildings not as separate architectural entities
but as parts of an organic whole that included the land, the community, and the
society. In a very real way the houses of colonial New England and some of the
southern plantations had been functional, but Wright was the first architect to
make functionalism the authoritative principle for public as well as for
domestic buildings. As early as 1906 he built the Unity Temple in Oak Park,
Illinois, the first of those churches that did so much to revolutionize
ecclesiastical architecture in the United States. Thereafter he turned his
genius to such miscellaneous structures as houses, schools, office buildings, and
factories, among them the famous Larkin Building in Buffalo, New York, and the
Johnson Wax Company building in Racine, Wisconsin.
1. The phrase “taken to heart” in line 1 is closest in meaning to
which of the following?
a. Taken seriously
b. Criticized
c. Memorized
d. Taken offence
Jawab : a. Taken seriously
2. In what way did Wright’s public buildings differ
from most of those built by earlier architects?
a. They were built on a larger scale.
b. Their materials came from the southern United States.
c. They looked more like private homes.
d. Their designs were based on how they would be used.
Jawab : d. Their designs were based on how they would be used.
3. The author mentions the Unity Temple because, it...
a. was Wright’s first building
b. influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
c. demonstrated traditional ecclesiastical architecture
d. was the largest church Wright ever designed
Jawab : b. influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
4. The passage mentions that all of the following structures were built by Wright EXCEPT...
a. Factories
b. public buildings
c. offices
d. southern plantations
Jawab : d. southern plantations
5. Which of the following statements best reflects one of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architectural principles?
a. Beautiful design is more important than utility.
b. Ecclesiastical architecture should be derived from traditional designs.
c. A building should fit into its surroundings.
d. The architecture of public buildings does not need to be revolutionary
Jawab : c. A building should fit into its surroundings.
Questions 6-12
6. What is the main idea of this passage?
a. Women today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive to the business world.
b. The computer is especially lucrative for women today.
c. Women are better at small businesses than men are.
d. Women today are opening more businesses of their own.
Jawab : d. Women today are opening more businesses of their own.
7. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business world EXCEPT…
a. women were required to stay at home with their families
b. women lacked ability to work in business
c. women faced discrimination in business
d. women were not trained in business
Jawab : b. women lacked ability to work in business
8. According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in the 1970s…
a. were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management
b. were still more interested in education than business opportunities
c. had fewer obstacles in business than they do today
d. were unable to work hard enough to succeed in business
Jawab : a. were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management
9. The author mentions the “shoebox under the bed” in the third paragraph in order to...
a. show the frugality of women in business
b. show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig
c. point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig’s business were limited
d. suggest that the company needed to expand
Jawab : c. point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig’s business were limited
10. The word “hurdles” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by…
a. Fences
b. Obstacles
c. Questions
d. small groups
Jawab : b. obstacles
11. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that businesses operated by women are small because …
a. women prefer a small intimate setting
b. women can’t deal with money
c. women are not able to borrow money easily
d. many women fail at large businesses
Jawab : c. women are not able to borrow money easily
12. The author’s attitude about the future of women in busines is …
a. Skeptical
b. Optimistic
c. Frustrated
d. Negative
Jawab : b. optimistic
a. The growth of cities in the United States in the early 1900’s
b. The development of the Southern California oil fields
c. Factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles
d. Industry and city planning in Los Angeles.
Jawab : c. factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles
14. The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after 1900 as resulting primarily from..
a. new economic conditions
b. images of cities
c. new agricultural techniques
d. a large migrant population
Jawab : a. new economic conditions
15. According to the passage, the most important factor in the development of agriculture around Los Angeles was the…
a. influx of “new residents to agricultural areas near the city
b. construction of an aqueduct
c. expansion of transportation facilities
d. development of new connections to the city’s natural harbor
Jawab : b. construction of an aqueduct
3. The author mentions the Unity Temple because, it...
a. was Wright’s first building
b. influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
c. demonstrated traditional ecclesiastical architecture
d. was the largest church Wright ever designed
Jawab : b. influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
4. The passage mentions that all of the following structures were built by Wright EXCEPT...
a. Factories
b. public buildings
c. offices
d. southern plantations
Jawab : d. southern plantations
5. Which of the following statements best reflects one of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architectural principles?
a. Beautiful design is more important than utility.
b. Ecclesiastical architecture should be derived from traditional designs.
c. A building should fit into its surroundings.
d. The architecture of public buildings does not need to be revolutionary
Jawab : c. A building should fit into its surroundings.
Questions 6-12
In the past, most women
entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example.
But this
is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer
software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a
housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the
business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on
their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox
under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the
newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates
to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to
grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their own
businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles
in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and
finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most
businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing;
there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.6. What is the main idea of this passage?
a. Women today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive to the business world.
b. The computer is especially lucrative for women today.
c. Women are better at small businesses than men are.
d. Women today are opening more businesses of their own.
Jawab : d. Women today are opening more businesses of their own.
7. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business world EXCEPT…
a. women were required to stay at home with their families
b. women lacked ability to work in business
c. women faced discrimination in business
d. women were not trained in business
Jawab : b. women lacked ability to work in business
8. According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in the 1970s…
a. were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management
b. were still more interested in education than business opportunities
c. had fewer obstacles in business than they do today
d. were unable to work hard enough to succeed in business
Jawab : a. were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management
9. The author mentions the “shoebox under the bed” in the third paragraph in order to...
a. show the frugality of women in business
b. show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig
c. point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig’s business were limited
d. suggest that the company needed to expand
Jawab : c. point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig’s business were limited
10. The word “hurdles” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by…
a. Fences
b. Obstacles
c. Questions
d. small groups
Jawab : b. obstacles
11. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that businesses operated by women are small because …
a. women prefer a small intimate setting
b. women can’t deal with money
c. women are not able to borrow money easily
d. many women fail at large businesses
Jawab : c. women are not able to borrow money easily
12. The author’s attitude about the future of women in busines is …
a. Skeptical
b. Optimistic
c. Frustrated
d. Negative
Jawab : b. optimistic
Questions 13-19
In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York, Chicago, and Philadelpia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.
A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potencial of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections.
The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it disseminated an image of the good life in Southern Californiaon screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest refining center.
Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center.
The downtown business distric did not gro aace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas whitered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in os Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.
13. What is the passage mainly about?]a. The growth of cities in the United States in the early 1900’s
b. The development of the Southern California oil fields
c. Factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles
d. Industry and city planning in Los Angeles.
Jawab : c. factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles
14. The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after 1900 as resulting primarily from..
a. new economic conditions
b. images of cities
c. new agricultural techniques
d. a large migrant population
Jawab : a. new economic conditions
15. According to the passage, the most important factor in the development of agriculture around Los Angeles was the…
a. influx of “new residents to agricultural areas near the city
b. construction of an aqueduct
c. expansion of transportation facilities
d. development of new connections to the city’s natural harbor
Jawab : b. construction of an aqueduct
16. According to the passage, the initial success of Hollywood’s
motion picture industry was due largely to the…
a. availability of many skilled workers
b. beauty of the countryside
c. region’s reputation for luxurious lifestyle
d. region’s climate and good weather
Jawab : d. region’s
climate and good weather
17. It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest
number of people in the Los Angeles area were employed in…
a. Farming
b. oil refining
c. automobile manufacturing
d. the motion picture industry
Jawab : b. oil refining
18. According to the passage, the Southern California oil fields were
initially exploited due to …
a. the fuel requirements of Los Angeles’ rail system
b. an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America
c. a desire to put unproductive desert land to good use
d. innovative planning on the part of the city founders
Jawab : b. an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America
19. it can be inferred from the passage that the spatial organization of Los Angeles contributed to the relative decline there of…
a. public transportation
b. industrial areas
c. suburban neighborhoods
d. oil fields
Jawab : a. public transportation
a. Significantly
b. Perfectly
c. Accurately
d. Excellently
Jawab : a. significantly
21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about The Moog, EXCEPT…
a. it was invented by Robert Moog
b. it was first introduced in 1964
c. it initiated new technology which was smaller and cheaper than previous
d. it was the first synthesizer in the world
Jawab : d. it was the first synthesizer in the world
22. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses…
a. collaboration between The Moog and other musicians
b. the description of compact and portable Mini Moog
c. the improvement of Moog Synthesizer
d. trend in the music industry about synthesizer
Jawab : c. the improvement of Moog Synthesizer
Jawab : b. an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America
19. it can be inferred from the passage that the spatial organization of Los Angeles contributed to the relative decline there of…
a. public transportation
b. industrial areas
c. suburban neighborhoods
d. oil fields
Jawab : a. public transportation
Questions 20-23
Robert Moog was an American inventor who developed the Moog Synthesizer. It was one of the first synthesizers to gain widespread use as a musical instrument. Moog’s synthesizers were an important pa Line of musical innovation in rock and jazz music in the 1960s and 1970s. Robert Arthur Moog was born in Queens, a borough of New York City 75 years ago. He became fascinated with electronics as a teenager, particularly an early electronic music instrument called the theremin. Moog studied physic and electrical engineering at Queens College and Columbia University, both in New York City and later received a Ph.D. in engineering physic Cornel University in Ithaca, New York. In 1954, while still an undergraduate student, Moog formed his own company to sell theremins and theremin kits.
Soon after, Moog began working on a keyboard instrument that could replicate the sound of any musical instrument electronically. Working with American composer Herbert Deutsch, Moog introduced the prototype Moog Synthesizer at a convention in 1964. The device represented a significant advance over previous electronic synthesizer because of its use of new semiconductor technology, which made it smaller and considerably cheaper than earlier machines. The Moog, as it was known, was soon in demand by musician all over the world.
In 1964, Moog began a collaboration with American composer and organist Walter Carlos (now Wendy Carlos), who released the bestselling electronic music album Switched-On Bach in 1968. Rock groups such as the Beatles and Yes and jazz musicians such as Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea began incorporating Moog Synthesizer into their recordings, a trend that increased when the company introduced the compact and portable Minimoog in 1970. A Moog Synthesizer was also prominently featured on the soundtrack to the movie A Clockwork Orange in 1971. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2008.
20. The word “prominently” in paragraph 3 can easily be replaced by …a. Significantly
b. Perfectly
c. Accurately
d. Excellently
Jawab : a. significantly
21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about The Moog, EXCEPT…
a. it was invented by Robert Moog
b. it was first introduced in 1964
c. it initiated new technology which was smaller and cheaper than previous
d. it was the first synthesizer in the world
Jawab : d. it was the first synthesizer in the world
22. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses…
a. collaboration between The Moog and other musicians
b. the description of compact and portable Mini Moog
c. the improvement of Moog Synthesizer
d. trend in the music industry about synthesizer
Jawab : c. the improvement of Moog Synthesizer
23. The main idea of paragraph three is …
a. the Moog’s collaboration in music field
b. the Moog in the movie soundtrack
c. the introduction of Minimoog
d. the collaboration of The Moog with music groups
Jawab : a. the Moog’s collaboration in music field
a. The history of railroads in the United States
b. The major United States industrial centers
c. Factors that affected industrialization in the United States
d. The role of agriculture in the nineteenth century
Jawab : c. Factors that affected industrialization in the United States
25. According to the passage, all of the following were true of railroads in the United States in the nineteenth century EXCEPT that…
a. they connected important industrial cities
b. they were necessary to the industrialization process
c. they were expanded in a short time
d. they used relatively small quantities of natural resources
Jawab : d. they used relatively small quantities of natural resources.
Jawab : a. the Moog’s collaboration in music field
Questions 24-25
In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil-the basic ingredients of industrial growth-were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider’s web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution. The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal.
One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider’s web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution. The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal.
Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century-always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs. The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.
The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe. Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe-most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own “money market.”
24. What does the passage mainly discuss?a. The history of railroads in the United States
b. The major United States industrial centers
c. Factors that affected industrialization in the United States
d. The role of agriculture in the nineteenth century
Jawab : c. Factors that affected industrialization in the United States
25. According to the passage, all of the following were true of railroads in the United States in the nineteenth century EXCEPT that…
a. they connected important industrial cities
b. they were necessary to the industrialization process
c. they were expanded in a short time
d. they used relatively small quantities of natural resources
Jawab : d. they used relatively small quantities of natural resources.
REFERENSI
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